In the Maratha-Nizam struggle which
ended in the Battle of Raksasabhuvan, Janoji because of his changing
policy had displeased both the Nizam and the Pesva. He had
given up the wise policy of his father of supporting the Pesva
as the strong man. His policy was devoid of any sound principle. It
was guided by the idea of extending one's own territory at the cost of
others, including that of the other Maratha potentates. This was
rather the common malady form which the entire Maratha power was
suffering. Madhavrav was determined to correct this defect. With great
difficulty he had brought Janoji into his camp in the life and death
struggle with the Nizam. The sack of Poona in which Janoji carried
fire and sword was an act which the Pesva was not prepared to
foreget. In the family dispute between Madhavrav and Raghunathrav
Janoji always espoused the cause of the latter. Rahunathrav in his own
way gave easy terms to Janoji looking upon him as his supporter in his
dispute with Madhavrav.
Madhavrav was waiting for an
opportunity to punish Janoji. Berar was subject to the dual
administration of the Bhosles and the Nizam. This naturally created
friction between the two on several occasions. In 1765 Moro Dhondaji
an officer of the Nizam in Berar was attacked by Janoji's men. The
Nizam' fiasco in the battle of Raksasabhuvan was the result of Janoji
for his breach of trust. He therefore appealed to the Pesva for
help when his officer was attacked. The Pesva at once decided
to help the Nizam. On 17th October 1765. Madhavrav proceeded from
poona and was joined by the Nizam's divan Rukan-ud-Daula camped at
Edalabad in December 1765. Raghunathrav also came with his force to
join his nephew. The Nizam started from Hyderabad and camped at
Karanja. His army was well equipped with artillery. From Edalabad the Pesva's
forces went to Balapur and started looting the territory of the Bhosle
after dividing themselves into suitable batches. Sums of Rs. 1,75,000
and Rs. 1,70,000 were exacted from Balapur and Akola respectively as
tributes. Janoji and Mudhoji took shelter in the fot of Amner along
with their families, Later, they shifted to the stronger fort of
Chanda. Janoji finding the combined forces too strong for him to
overcome sued for peace through the Pesva's envoy Vyankat
Moresvar. The Pesva too had no stomach for the fight. He was
satisfied with the pounishment he had meted out to the disobedient
Janoji. The terms of the treaty were finalised at Kholapur, near
Daryapur in 1766. It was decided that the Bhosle should retain
territory worth Rs 8 lacs only. Out of the total territory of Rs. 32
lacs he had received from the Pesva, in the Battle of
Raksasabhuvan. Out of the remaining 24lacs, the Pesva was to
giive the Nizam territory worth 15th lacs and was to retain for
himself the rest. Many differences between the Nizam and Janoji were
settled on this occasion. Following rapprochement Janoji sent his men
to help Raghunathrav in his north Indian Campaign.
When the negotiations between Madhavrav
and Janoji were in progress the former's agent conveyed him Janoji's
contention. Its gist is indicative of the general state of affairs in
the maratha Confederacy. Janoji was not slow to understand that the
dispute between him and the Pesva would only benefit the Nizam.
But desire for power rendered any satisfactory solution difficult. The
letter written to the Pesva by his agent conveying Janoji's
mind runs as follows: "The Srimant being angry with us
(Janoji)has invaded Berar. I am not guilty of burning Poona.When the
Nizam indulged in this act I did not support him. I, however, admit
that I did not help in the campaign against Haidar Nayak. It is after
all human to err. But the punishment meted out to me by depriving me
of territory worth Rs. 30 lacs is too heavy. That has now been offered
to the Nizam. Should the serpent be fed with milk? If I am ordered to
attack the Nizam, I wourld destroy him in no time…. I shall proceed
by rapid marches to meet your honour. I should not be let down."
Janoji gave expression to his feelings in these words. But it seems
that he did not really repent for what had happened. For, within a
couple of years after the treaty of Daryapur he once again sided with
Raghunathrav in his dispute with Madhavrav and drew the latter's wrath
upon himself.
Madhavrav attacks Janoji and humbles
him.-In the quarrel between Madhavrav and Raghunathrav in 1768. Janoji
decided to support the latter. However, Rahunathrav was defeated and
arrested before Janoji's army could join him. Madhavrav was determined
to teach Janoji a lesson for violating the treaty of Dearyapur in
which he had agreed to support his cause. Janoji was apprehensive of a
fresh attack by the Pesva. He, therefore, sent his envoy
Cimanaji Rakhamangad Citanis to the Pesva for a talk. The Pesva
refused to listen to the envoy and asked Janoji \to send Devajipant to
Poona. As he considered Devajipant to be the Mischief-maker in the Pesva-Bhosle
altercation. Madavrav arrested Devajipant and marched on Berar. The Pesva
was accompanied by his generals Gopalrav Patvardhan and Ramachandra
Ganes Kanade. The Nizam sent a force of eight thousand strong under
Rukna-ud-daula and Ramchandra Jadhav. The Pesva with the forces
of his ally occupied Bhosle's territory to the west of the Wardha
river. The relatives of Janoji had taken shelter into the fortof
Gavigad. Jewellery too was removed to this place. Janoji with his
forces encamped at Tivasa t o the west of Wardh River, 7-12-1768.
The Pesva did not chase Janoji.
He took the fort of Amner (20-1-1769) and straightway proceeded to
Nagpur. Nagpur was looted and burnt. The burning of Poona by Janoji
was fully avenged. The fort of Bhandara was besieged and reduced by
Ramachandra Ganes.
The fort of Chandrapur of Chanda the
strong-hold of the Bhosles was the next target of attack. The fort was
besieged by the Pesva's army. Janoji who was outside moved form
place to place carrying on a running warfare with the Pesva's
army. In order to relieve the pressure on the fort of Chanda Janoji
spread rumours that he was marching towards Poona to release
Raghunathrav form the custody. At the same time Devajipant who was in
the custody of Madhavrav managed to receive secret letters from Janoji
stating that when the Pesva was engaged with the siege of
Chanda. Janoji should attack Poona and set Raghunathrav free. The
letters were intended to be seized by Pesva's intelligence
department. This ruse had its effect. The Pesva's apprehension
of Janoji's attack onf Poona was strengthened. When these rumours
gained currency, Poona was in the grip of conternation as the memory
of Janoji's first invasion was yet fresh. The Pesva at once
decided to raise the siege of chanda and sent his men against Janoji.
He sent a letter through Rukna-ud-daula to Janoji on 3rd March 1769,
expressing his desire for peace. Janoji who was eager to end the war
sent his terms ad the treaty was finalised on 23-3-1769 near Kanakpur.
Devajipant was the principle figure on behalf of the Bhosle in
bringing about this treaty.
In the treaty of Kanakpur it was
decided that-
- Janoji was granted a Jagir of 32
lacs in 1763, out of which he was allowed to have only 8 lacs in
1766, Janoji should now relinquish all claim over the Jagir.
- The lands of the Bhosles of Akkalkot
conffiscanted by Janoji should be released.
- The Bhosles used to collect Ghasdana
from the Aurangabad Subha belonging to the Pesva. They
shold discontinue this practice. The Bhosles likewise should stop
collecting Ghasdana from the Nizam's territory. The Bhosles would
get their Ghasdana collections from the Pesva and the Nizam
form their officers. The Bhosles should themselves collect
Ghasdana only if the Nizam's officers fail to do the same for
them.
- The Bhosles shold serve the Pesva
with their army when called.
- The Bhosles should make no changers
in the strength of their army without the permission of the Pesva.
- The Bhosles should not shelter
rebels and disloyal persons coming from the Pesva's
territory.
- The Bhosles should not enter into
political negotiations with the Emperor of Delhi, the Navab of
Oudh. The Rohillas, the English and th Nizam without the consent
of the Pesva.
- The Bhosles should pay an annual
tribute of Rs 5 lacs to the Pesva in five istalments.
- The army of the Pesva while
passing through the Bhosle's territory would use the old routes.
- The Pesva should not
interfere with the domestic affairs of Janoji so laong as he was
looking after his relations properly.
- Reva Mukundpura, Mahoba, Carthane,
Jintur, Sakarkheda, Mehekar should be given to the Pesva by
Janoji.
- The Bhosle shold send his army to
Orissa only if it is not required by the Pesva.
- The Pesva should help the
Bhosle with his army in the event of an invasion of the latter
territory.
Madhavrav and Janoji met at Mehekar
cermonially. Parties and presents were exchanged. The Nizam's divan
Rukna-ud-daula was also present at Mehekar.
A careful analysis of these terms shows
that Madhavrav's aim was to bring central control in the Maratha
confederacy, which was so necessary for its growth and survival. From
the days of Bajirav I, the Pesvas were struggling hard to
assert their authority over the Bhosles of Nagpur in their capacity as
prime ministers. There was no clear constitutional ruling on this
point except the prevailing practice. The Bhosles in their own way
considered themselves as the equals of the Pesvas. All accepted
the overlordship of the Chatrapati. But after the death of Sahu
his successors proved to be nonentities. Under the circumstance the Pesvas
tried to assert their authority over with a good degree of success up
to madhavrav.
During Janoji's Sena-Saheb
-Subhaship Purusottam Divakar alias Devajipant Corghade of Narkhed
rose into prominence. He secured for janoji huge sums of money
required for war. In his dealings with Madhavrav Pesva
Divakarpant was his chief adviser. Madhavrav considered Devajipant as
the Machiavelli at the Nagpur Court. He was a full wise man out of the
three and a half wise men of the day. For some time toward s the end
of Janoji's career Divakarpant lost his master's confidence and fell
on evil days. But he was always looked upon as the inevitable man on
critical occasions because of his keen grasp of events. Very few
original papers are available about this diplomat of Nagpur. He died
in 1781. Among other persons of note of Janoji's times may be
mentioned Bhavanipnt Munsi. Bhavani Kalo and ganes Sambhaji.
Bhavanipant Munsi became Janoji's counsellor when Devajipant fell from
his favour. Bhavani Kalo rose to the position of the general. For
sometime he was the subhedar of Katak. He constructed the
temple of Balaji at Vasim and installed the image. The last, Ganes
Sambhaji too acted as the Subhedar of Katak.
Janoji Bhosle had no son. He had
decided to adopt Raghuji, the eldest son of his brother, Mudhoji.
After the treaty of Kanakpur he was on good terms with Madhavrav Pesva.
Janoji travelled to Thevur near Poona where Madhavrav was on his
death-bed and secured his consent to Raghuji's adoption. From Thevur
he went to the holy places, Pandharpur and Tulajapur. He died at Yeral
(Naldurg) on his homeward journey on 16th may 1772, owing to severe
stomach-ache. Mudhoji created a monument in honour of Janoji and
secured some land from the Pesva for its maintenance.